Learn the History of Bas-Relief Sculpture

A French term from the Italian basso-relievo (low relief), bas-relief (pronounced bah ree ·leef)  is a sculpture technique in which figures and/or other design elements are just barely more prominent than the (overall flat) background. Bas-relief is only one form of relief sculpture: figures created in high relief appear to be more than halfway raised from their background. Intaglio is another form of relief sculpture in which the sculpture is actually carved into material such as clay or stone. History of Bas-Relief Bas-relief is a technique as old as humankinds artistic explorations and is closely related to high relief. Some of the earliest known bas-reliefs are on the walls of caves, perhaps 30,000 years ago. Petroglyphs—images pecked into the walls of caves or other rock surfaces—were treated with color, as well, which helped to accentuate  the  reliefs. Later, bas-reliefs were added to the surfaces of stone buildings constructed by ancient Egyptians and Assyrians. Relief sculptures can also be found in ancient Greek and Roman sculpture; a famous example is the Parthenon frieze featuring relief sculptures of Poseidon, Apollo, and Artemis. Major works of bas-relief were created around the world; important examples include the temple at Angkor Wat in Cambodia, the Greek Elgin Marbles, and images of the elephant, horse, bull, and lion at the Lion Capital of Ashoka in India (ca 250 BCE). During the Middle Ages, relief sculpture was popular in churches, with some of the most remarkable examples decorating Romanesque churches in Europe. By the time of the Renaissance, artists were experimenting with combining high and low relief. By sculpting foreground figures in high relief and backgrounds in bas-relief, artists like Donatello (1386–1466) were able to suggest perspective. Desiderio da Settignano (ca 1430–1464) and Mino da Fiesole (1429–1484) executed bas-reliefs in materials such as terracotta and marble, while Michelangelo (1475–1564) created higher-relief works in stone. During the 19th century, bas-relief sculpture was used to create dramatic works such as the sculpture on the Parisian Arc de Triomphe. Later, in the 20th century, reliefs were created by abstract artists. American relief sculptors drew inspiration from Italian works. During the first half of the 19th century, Americans began creating relief works on federal government buildings. Perhaps the best known U.S. bas-relief sculptor was Erastus Dow Palmer (1817–1904), from Albany, New York.  Palmer had been trained as a cameo-cutter, and later created a great many relief sculptures of people and landscapes.   How Bas-Relief Is Created Bas-relief is created either by carving away material (wood, stone, ivory, jade, etc.) or adding material to the top of an otherwise smooth surface (say, strips of clay to stone).   As an example, in the photo, you can see one of Lorenzo Ghibertis (Italian, 1378-1455) panels from the East Doors (commonly known as the Gates of Paradise, thanks to a quote attributed to Michelangelo) of the Baptistery of San Giovanni. Florence, Italy. To create the bas-relief Creation of Adam and Eve, ca. 1435, Ghiberti first carved his design on a thick sheet of wax. He then fitted this with a covering of wet plaster that, once it had dried and the original wax had been melted out, made a fireproof mold into which liquid alloy was poured to recreate his bas-relief sculpture in bronze.

Marijuana Has Always Been A Big Deal In Society, Ever Since

Marijuana has always been a big deal in society, ever since it has become known as a street drug. In the current year of 2016, not only citizens abuse marijuana, Celebrities, professional athletes, and college students all abuse the substance for its benefits. We are becoming more aware how recently this year that marijuana has been legalized in ten countries and twenty five states in the United States of America. That is one half of our country that is able to use this substance. By legalizing marijuana we as in the country can reduce harm, save families, save money, and most importantly save lives. The fake Time News Magazine ad that displays a visual for legalizing marijuana shows how the world is changing as a whole about legalizing†¦show more content†¦The bold red border around the image creates an attraction for the eye, the location of the carton catches your eye next and then the viewer eyes follows around the whole front page. The effect of these choices is critical because without knowing the creator of this visual has you questioning your own thoughts without asking and wanting to know more about the legislation of pot. The visual itself does not provide its own education on the front page, but it implies there is a source of education on the topic inside The Times Magazine. Not finding education on the front page made me curious about the facts behind the legislation of marijuana, even though I go for the legislation of marijuana there was more information I was educated on because the visual left me curious and wanted to know why I chose this side. By legalizing marijuana less harm will be caused. This creates high levels of crime; addicts are forced to commit crimes to pay for a habit that would be easily affordable if it were legal. Police sources have estimated that as much as half the property crime in some major cities is committed by drug users. More drastically, because drugs are illegal, participants in the drug trade cannot go to court to settle disputes, whether between buyer and seller or betweenShow MoreRelatedThe War On Drugs And The United States1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Drugs has been an ongoing effect ever since the Civil War introduced the drug morphine to the world. In the years since people have been coming up with drugs more lethal than morphine such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and so on and so forth. The War on Drugs is dangerous and leads to many deaths throughout the years. America has set up agencies such as the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and other drug task force teams throughou t the United States. Even though we may not be ableRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana has always been a big deal in society, ever since it has become known as a street drug. In the current year of 2016, not only citizens abuse marijuana, Celebrities, professional athletes, and college students all abuse the substance for its benefits. We are becoming more aware how recently this year that marijuana has been legalized in ten countries and twenty five states in the United States of America. That is one half of our country that is able to use this substance. By legalizing marijuanaRead MoreNever In My Life Would I Have Thought About Running And1694 Words   |  7 Pages Never in my life would I have thought about running and hiding from the police. Until one day at about 4:20pm, I was sitting in my living room on the couch, overlooking my backyard. I saw eight Police Officers standing next to the 70 Marijuana plants that I was getting ready to harvest. I thought to myself, â€Å"Oh shit! They found all of my plants and now I either have the option of running out my front door and try to escape the police or go outside and get thrown in prison.† As bad as I wantedRead MoreSchool Based Drug Use Prevention Programs1333 Words   |  6 PagesSchool-based drug use prevention programs have been an important part of the United State’s anti drug campaign since the late 70’s. Although there have been many different programs of all shapes and sizes, none have been bigger or more iconic than the D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) program. D.A.R.E. was created in 1983 by the Los Angeles Police Department and the Los Angeles Unifi ed School District. D.A.R.E. uses specially trained law enforcement officers to teach drug use preventionRead More The War on Drugs Essay3279 Words   |  14 Pagessolution begins with several important yet seemingly simple questions†¦What is marijuana? How is it used? 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The United States government is spending millions and millions of dollars each year to enforce petty marijuana crimes and it’s time for this change. Embracing marijuana for personal, medical, and industrial use will encourage economic growth and stability. Associating taxes along with eliminating risk of illegal activity

Guidelines For Assignment Free Essays

Define Organizational Culture What Is meant by Organizational Culture? Characteristics of Organizational Culture ? Positive (good) and Negative (bad) Provide relevant examples Research can be done by referring to similar researches that were conducted previously. The sources of references can be obtained from books, Journals, magazines or newspapers. Related research materials such as graphs, charts or pictures can also be used to support a statement. We will write a custom essay sample on Guidelines For Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Students are also encouraged to give their opinions and their own understanding of the research topic. Provide examples of outcomes from previous researches (done by another searcher) regarding topics that are similar or almost similar. – relationship between Organizational Culture and the success or failure of an organization. Gather the information needed from books, magazines, newspapers or Journals relevant to the topic being discussed. From the gathered information, identify how elements of Organizational Culture affect the success or failure of an organization. Provide examples. 1 State the outcome of the research based on the gathered Information. Relate between the theories learned with the real situation. Is It true Organizational Culture Is a factor that determines the success and failure of an organization? Yes or No Provide a conclusion from the overall research and give your suggestions for the development of a better Organizational Culture to enhance the success of the organization. Format for preparing the assignment: Paper Use Ã'›white-bond† quality paper Paper size : AAA (210 mm x 297 mm) Paper weight : 80 MGM Method of typing The text should be typed on one side of the page only. For text : black-colored ribbon or ink cartridge that produces an even black color. For diagrams, tables and charts : black or colored ink. Line Spacing For text : double-spacing For references (refer vii), appendices and tables: single-spacing Font Times New Roman Size: 12 2 Margin Left margin : at least 4. 0 CM (1. 5†³) Top, bottom and right margin : 2. 5 CM (1. 0†³) Section New major sections must begin on a new page. A new paragraph must begin with a Ã'›tab† from the left margin. V) Page numbering Excerpts, references, appendices and tables a) In the text. If an excerpt is taken from a reference material, the reference must be stated. Ex : Stoner and Yankee define strategy as, â€Å"†¦ The broad program for defining and achieving an organization†s objectives; the organization†s response to its environment over time. † (Stoner and Yankee, 1986) b) List of References At the end of the assignments, all references or bibliography must be stated in alphabetical order according to the name of the author. Book:Name of author. How to cite Guidelines For Assignment, Papers

Othello Essay Research Paper Othello Othello is 2 free essay sample

Othello Essay, Research Paper Othello. Othello is the rubric of the character and drama that we all studied earlier this semester. However, it is Othello the character that I intend to discourse. Othello is the hubby to the beautiful and guiltless Desdemona, whom he murders because the nefarious and honest Iago has misled him. A Moresque general in Venice, a society plagued with racism and where criminal conversation is neither condemned nor sanctioned of, Othello is in the thick of a society that will impede and non back up his advancement. The cardinal subject of the play is the change of a baronial lover to a raving slayer, under the influence of the calculated collusion of his adjutant, Iago, who convinces him that his married woman is holding a love matter with another officer named Cassio. Unable to swear the falsely corrupted Desdemona # 8211 ; he lacks the indispensable component of love and it is this absence of trust that causes Othello to disintegrate morally. This destructiveness extends to his ain self-destruction, when his mistake of judging Desdemona to be an fornicatress fails him. Our closely woven relationship with this traumatised and fleeceable Othello causes us to endure with him, as he experiences emotional torments, such as the devastation of his once reputable aristocracy, character and matrimony to the immature Desdemona. Through Act II, Scene I, Othello presents himself to us as a grandly positive and content character, # 8220 ; It gives me wonder great as my contentTo see you here before me. O my psyche # 8217 ; s joy! # 8221 ; ( Act II, Scene II ) .At this phase in the drama Othello has besides assembled his character to enforce on us an feeling, that he is a baronial and outstanding figure in the Venetian constitution, and respected military adult male and a loving hubby. He carries himself with an impressive self-respect while frankly delighting in his immature married woman # 8217 ; s unconditioned love, which he v alues above the # 8220 ; seas worth # 8221 ; , ( Act II, Scene I ) . When the twosome defend their matrimony against the prejudiced Brabantio, male parent to Desdemona, who associates Othello with witchery, ( because Othello is black ) , in Act I, Scene III, it becomes apparent that the twosome portion an unconditioned love for one another. However, in the 2nd half of the drama Othello abandons this perfect love, for a blind and baseless green-eyed monster excessively strong to move in a merely mode. He loses all religion non merely in Desdemona, but particularly himself, # 8220 ; That # 8217 ; s he that was Othello ; Here I am. # 8221 ; ( Act V, Scene II ) .Othello says this later, as a consequence of happening his now hopeless spirit # 8211 ; it was led to this through the work of a conniving Iago. When he rejects her love and trust in Act V, Scene II, when about to kill her, he allows an incurable egoism to catch his misled head. After fall ining in Act IV, Scene I, Othello can merely babble as he falls to the pess of Iago in a enchantment. This event illustrates and enhances the sad fact that Othello has fallen to the purposes of Iago. Othello recovers his marbless, but from this happening he has merely one end # 8211 ; to kill Desdemona and her alleged lover, Cassio. With this purpose it becomes distressingly obvious that Othello now possesses the resentful will held by Iago, who despises Othello, and associates him ab initio to beastly sex Acts of the Apostless, shadowed by a despicable racism. â€Å"I hate the Moor† , is apparent and to the point, and â€Å"an old black random-access memory Is tupping your white ewe† , ( Act I, Scenes I-II ) , creates a feeling of disgust. However, as the drama procedes, Othello even comes to resemble the scoundrel in his address, utilizing staccato or broken repeats and he besides makes an unhealthy wont of utilizing violent, sexual and carnal imagination, # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; ll chop her into musss, # 8221 ; and ; # 8221 ; I will be found most craft in my forbearance # 8221 ; ( Act IV, Scene I ) , are appropriate illustrations. In Act IV, Scene II Othello indulges in a great hyperbole of his green-eyed monster when he believes Desdemona to be a cocotte, and Emila, the married woman of Iago T be her procurer, # 8221 ; She says plenty ; yet she # 8217 ; s a simple bawdThat can non state as much. This is a elusive prostitute, A cupboard lock and key of nefarious secrets, And yet she # 8217 ; ll kneel and pray ; I have seen her do # 8217 ; t. # 8221 ; ( Act IV, Scene II ) . In the terminal though, Othello still manages to contemplate his love for his married woman when he sees her asleep. Sadly as a presentation of his insultingly motivated aspiration he kills her with a imperturbability which is scaring. His reaction to the find of her true artlessness is, nevertheless, in blunt contrast. He recognises that he is no longer baronial, for he calls himself: # 8220 ; He that was Othello # 8221 ; , in Act V, Scene II. Othello besides equates himself to the pagans he used to butcher and kill himself. Iago can consequence this extraordinary response merely because Othello is missing in trust. This deficiency is inexplicit in the Moor # 8217 ; s state of affairs from the start, for he can non partake of the societal coherence that encourages and reinforces trust between worlds. The fact that he is in consequence an foreigner in Venice # 8211 ; he is black, a materialistic soldier in a really colored society. I feel it is this insecurity that forbids the entryway of trust into Othello # 8217 ; s environment. Importantly, Othello, one time distracted, is non capable of appreciating Desdemona ; he knows sufficiency of Venice to see its bias, but he does non recognize her astonishing bravery in opposing it. Like Macbeth, Othello has succeeded as a soldier, and is consequently left with a self-respect and pride but misunderstands the universe outside the military 1. With his self-destruction Othello acknowledges his mistake, but his concluding acknowledgment of Desdemona # 8217 ; s goodness offers us some sort of comforting sense that is deceasing he retrieves some of his once dominant aristocracy. Othello has returned to sanity excessively late, but at least that provides us with some rapprochement. Finally, Othello # 8217 ; s destiny shows us that a baronial individual may fall to the deepnesss of savageness, but a little dosage of humanity may still stay. This commentary of Othello the character is brief, but I hope it has made you appreciate and detect some facets of the multi-dimensional character of Othello. 316